Uses of amniotic membrane in ophthalmic practice

Abstract

Amniotic membrane is the inner most layer of fetal membrane .it has special histological features that provides it with unique properties including anti-inflammatory ,anti-microbial and anti- scarring effect.it promotes epithelization and pain reduction ,Anthor characteristic feature of amniotic membrane is the lack of immunogenicity. The use of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) to treat ocular surface abnormalities was reported five decades ago. Amniotic membrane has been successfully used in patients with persistent epithelial defect, chemical burns, pterygium , symblepharon ,and for ocular surface reconstruction. AMT is a safe and useful conjunctival substitude to cover donor sclera in situations where conjunctival scarring might otherwise preclude successful repair. Amniotic membrane graft may be used for treating late-onset filtering bleb leakage in glucoma patients. Amniotic membrane coverage of the ocular surface coupled with the use of intensive short-term topical corticosteroids during acute phase of steven johnson syndrome is associated with the preservation of good visual acuity and an intact ocular surface.