A Clinical Trial on Optimization of the Heparin Utilization in Coronary Angiography

Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) also known as atherosclerotic heart disease, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, or ischemic heart disease (IHD), is the most common type of heart disease and cause of heart attacks. The disease is caused by plaque building up along the inner walls of the arteries of the heart, which narrows the lumen of arteries and reduces blood flow to the heart. Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of death in the Western world.An estimated 17.5 million people died from cardiovascular disease in 2007, representing 30 % of all global deaths. Of these deaths, 7.6 million were due to CAD and 5.7 million due to stroke. About 80% of these deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries. While the symptoms and signs of coronary artery disease are noted in the advanced state of disease, most individuals with coronary artery disease show no evidence of disease for decades as the disease progresses before the first onset of symptoms, often a "sudden" heart attack, finally arises. Symptoms of stable ischaemic heart disease include angina (characteristic chest pain on exertion) and decreased exercise tolerance. Cardiac catheterization process is to insert a tube called a catheter into the heart through an artery ends such as the femoral or brachial artery, and the goal is to reach the left ventricle of the heart or to the coronary arteries.