Socket Augmentation Using Platelet Rich Fibrin Versus Xenogeneic Graft Clinical and Radiological Assessment

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the platelets rich fibrin as a grafting material in post extraction socket in the anterior maxillary region to reduce bone loss. Forty two fresh extraction sockets in twenty seven patients with average age of 35.5 years old were included in this study. The subjects were randomally allocated into three groups. The study group consists of sockets where PRF was placed, the positive control consists of sockets were Xenogenic bone graft were placed along with collagen plug and negative control consists of sockets that are left to heal without the use of any grafting materials. Each group was further divided into two subgroups: re-assessment and implant placement at three months and re-assessment and implant placement at six months interval. All subjects were assessed clinically and radiographically at the time of extraction and at the time of implant placement as well. Radiographic assessment was done using CBCT superimposition to assess the horizontal and vertical bone loss. Results were tabulated and assessed using Multivariant ANOVA test to assess effect of time, socket augmentation material and post-extraction buccal plate thickness over buccal, palatal bone and horizontal bone loss. Intra-class correlation was used to assess correlation between radiographic and clinical findings. Radiographic assessment showed that, bone resorption pattern after tooth extraction is governed by many factors including; healing time, grafting materials, and the thickness of the buccal plate. This study showed that, PRF as a socket grafting material has no additive effect on the bone healing process after tooth extraction.

Conclusion :( within limitation of the current study) - The PRF -in amount used in the current study- had a negligible impact on the overall bone healing in post-extraction socket. - Xenograft remains the gold standard in enhancement of bone remodeling in post-extraction socket as compared to PRF. - Total bone loss was more pronounced at six months interval; however the rate of bone resorption was higher in the first three months. - Buccal plate thickness is an important factor in the pattern of bone resorption after tooth extraction.