Screening for H.pylori Serum IgG Seropositivity in Hyperemesis Gravidarum Pregnant Ladies

Abstract

Nausea and vomiting with pregnancy or emesis gravidarum occurs in almost 50 -90% of all pregnancies, it peaks at approximately weeks 10 - 15 of gestation and resolves at approximately week 20. Hyperemesis gravidarum is the severe form of emesis gravidarum and usually associated with weight loss, dehydration and electrolyte disturbances and may need hospital admission. The incidence of Hyperemesis gravidarum is about 0.3 to 1.5% of all live births. Pregnancy has a little effect on gastrointestinal secretion or absorption, but it has a major effect on gastrointestinal motility. These changes in motility are present throughout the gastrointestinal tract due to increased levels of female sex hormones that may result in emesis gravidarum. It can be secondary to other disease processes including appendicitis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, pyelonephritis and peptic ulcer disease. The most important serious complication of hyperemesis gravidarum is Wernicke’s encephalopathy. It often is associated with maternal death or permanent neurological disability. The effect of vomiting on the embryo and fetus depends on the severity of the condition. It includes low birth weight, preterm birth and in most severe cases, the rate of fetal death is higher. Failure to treat early manifestations of emesis gravidarum increases the likelihood of hospital admission for hyperemesis gravidarum. Studies found that women who were taking a multivitamin at the time of conception were less likely to need medical attention for vomiting.