IMMUNOHISTOCHENICAL NUCLEAR STAINING FOR P53, PCNA, AND KA67 IN DIFFERENT HISTOLOGIC VARIANTS OF BASAL CELLCARCINOMA

Abstract

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a slowly groVv;ng, locally invasive malignant epidermal skin tumor which mainly affect Caucasian population. It is locally malignant carcinoma this stand for local invasiveness of the tumor tissue, rarity of metastasis, and mortality. It is considered to be problematic due to their frequent localization on the face and their destructive growth. BCC is a multifactorial disease with a complex interplay of genetic,

environmental, lifestyle risk factors, and others. Exposure to UV radiation particularly in childhood play a significant role in tumor development and can be considered the primary established risk factor for BCC.

Other alternative terms for BCC include basal cell epithelioma, basilioma and rodent ulcer but because of its destructive potential and small metastatic potential, BCC is the most accurate tenn. Genes play a critical role in the origin of cancer in human beings. It is becoming clear that cancer arises in human beings because of the accumulation of mutations into two major classes of genes; the protooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. The best known and most intensely studied of the tumor suppressor genes is the P53 gene. Alternation in the structure of P53 gene represents one of the most common genetic changes associated with scc. The proliferative activity of tumors is considered to provide both

diagnostic and prognostic information and has become an integrative element for several grading systems. Various sophisticated ways to determine proliferation have been reported.