A STUDY ON RATIONALIZATION OF MINERAL FERTILIZATION THROUGH ORGANIC MANURE AND THEIR EFFECTS ON RICE CROP

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa.L.), is one ofthe most important and leading crops of the world and now is the major stable food of over half of the world's populations. More important, it is the stable food in area of high population density and fast population growth. The green revolution has enabled rice production to meet the demand of the growing population and most of the increased demand will be in developing countries.

The demand for food grains in Egypt has been increasing and will continue to increase with the increase in population and the rice in the standard of living. Rice cultivated are ranges from 0.50 to 0.60 million hectare (1, 2 to 1.5 million fed.). The average of rice productivity in 2007 was 10.0 tlha (4.27 t/fed.) and total rice production was 6.0 million ton, which was sufficient for local consumption and export. Further increase in rice production through increasing yield per unit area in needed.

Nitrogen fertilizer is applied to meet the needs of the crop during the early growth stages and accumulate in the vegetative part to be utilized for grain formation (Salem et al. 2005). Also, a nitrogen fertilizer has a vital role in the contents of nitrogen% in rice grains and nitrogen uptake by rice plants (Ebaid and Ghanem, 2000).

Organic farming is a system in which primarily aimed to eliminate environmental pollution and develop a more profitable and sustainable farming. Application of the organic fertilizer, either animal manure or compost could be increased the soil organic carbon (SOC). An increase in (SOC) concentration increases aggregation water holding capacity infiltration rate, hydraulic conductivity and decrease bulk density.

Furthermore, organic matter content serve several advantage like conservation and slow release of nutrients, improve of soil physical conditions provide micronutrients and other grows factor not normally applied by inorganic fertilizers and may be also enhance microbial growth and nutrient tum over in soil.

However in recent years there has been serious concern about long-term adverse effects of continuous and indiscriminate use of inorganic fertilizers on deterioration of the soil structure soil health and environmental pollution (Singh et al., 2001).

.. The study aimed at the performance of some rice varieties under different levels of nitrogen fertilizers organic and inorganic, as far as vegetative growth, yield and its components and the quality of grain.

The study aims also to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers used in the fertilization of the rice crop and to compensate by adding organic fertilizer made from waste vegetable and animal, such as farmyard manure and compost in order to obtain the highest yield of rice in the quantity and quality and reduce production costs and reduce environmental pollution.