Optimization of Solid Waste Managementin Rural Villages

Abstract

Waste management is the collection, transport, processing and disposal, and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, environment or aesthetics. Waste management is a distinct practice from resource recovery which focuses on delaying the rate of consumption of natural resources. All wastes materials, whether they are solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive fall within the remit of waste management. Waste management practices can differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial producers. Management for non-hazardous waste residential and institutional waste in metropolitan areas is usually the responsibility of local government authorities, while management for commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator subject to local, national or international controls. Collection, treatment and disposal of hazardous medical waste are the responsibility of the Governorates. Municipal solid waste (MSW) is defined as a combination of solid waste that generated from the sources like households, commercial enterprises, administrative and governmental bodies, educational facilities, streets, and squares and parks cleansings. According to the annual report for solid waste management in Egypt, (2013), In 2012, Egypt generated about 57,020 tonnes/day of MSW. In 2010, Egypt generated 28,300 tonnes of hazardous medical waste. Garbage collectors and scavengers are exposed to unhealthy and risky conditions. The remaining fraction of municipal waste that is not recycled is usually burnt creating several health and aesthetic problems Figure (1.1).