ROLE OF LAPAROSCOPY IN ACUTE ABDOMEN

Abstract

The term acute abdomen refers to abdominal pain that begins suddenly and is severe in nature that requires an immediate judgment or decision as to managemen. And, It doesn't always mean that surgery is necessary, but many of the causes may require surgical intervention. It is essential that the problem is diagnosed quickly and accurately, as many of the problems that cause an acute abdomen can be life-threatening. Acute abdominal pain can present a diagnostic dilemma. It accounts for 13-40% of all emergency surgical admission. Clinical examination may fail to yield a diagnosis, particularly when the symptoms and signs are compounded by extremes of age or obesity. This problem is more common, but not exclusive to, female patients. Blood investigations in most scenarios; simply indicate the presence of an inflammatory process. Radiology may suggest the diagnosis but with a false-negative rate. Surgical emergency is a medical emergency which require an immediate surgical intervention which may be the only way to solve the problem successfully as in trauma, acute appendicitis, ruptured aortic  Summary 113 aneurysm, bowel obstruction, internal bleeding, gastrointestinal perforation, and acute mesenteric ischemia. Diagnostic laparoscopy is the technique which can visualize the abdominal cavity and establishing an adequate and accurate diagnosis, permits the surgeon to plan the right abdominal approach. The surgeon must have adequate training and experience in laparoscopic surgery before intending to perform any procedure independently. The outcome of any laparoscopic procedure greatly depends on the experience of the surgeon. Emergency laparoscopy has many benefits as it is diagnostic and therapeutic at the same time, it enables a good evaluation of the peritoneal cavity as it allows a rapid and thorough inspection of the abdominal and pelvic cavity,averting unnecessary laparotomies, with less post-operative complications like wound infection, adhesions and hernias, less post-operative pain, less paralytic ileus, short hospital stay, faster recovery.