Analytical Studies for Antidoping Purposes

Abstract

The thesis consists of five parts: Part I: General introduction on doping: It explains the word ‘Doping’ and includes an overall view on the drugs used in doping together with the prohibited methods and the organizations concerned with antidoping. Part II: Literature Review: This part includes a review of the physical and chemical properties of Morphine, Pethidine, Nalbuphine, Tramadol, Testosterone, Furosemide, Torasemide, Indapamide, Amiloride, Spironolactone, Hydrochlorothiazide, Atenolol, Salbutamol, Dexamethasone, Betamethsone, Triamicinolone acetonide, Caffeine and Phenylephrine. Also, it includes different analytical methods reported in the literature that aim for determination of the chosen drugs for antidoping purpose. Part III: Electrochemical methods for antidoping purpose: This part involves the development of four novel ion selective electrodes for the doping control of two drugs, Nalbuphine and Tramadol with further application to human plasma and urine. This part was divided into two sections: xxix Section A: Comparative study of normal, micro & nano-sized iron oxide particles for the potentiometric determination of Nalbuphine HCl: This section describes the fabrication of three classical electrodes. It studied the effect of presence and size of iron oxide particles on the response of the three sensors. The performance of the proposed electrodes were assessed according to the IUPAC recommendations and showed that they have fast, stable and nernstian response. Response time, effect of pH and temperature on the response, selectivity and stability of the three sensors were studied to determine the optimum conditions for the determination of Nalbuphine HCl using the proposed electrodes. The suggested electrodes were successfully applied for detection and quantification of Nalbuphine HCl in pure form and biological fluids (plasma and urine), i.e. can be used for antidoping purposes.