COMPARTMENT SYNDROME IIN ABDOMIINAL SURGERIIES;; PATHOPHYSIIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Abdominal compartment syndrome is a potentially lethal condition caused by any event that produces intra-abdominal hypertension. It was first described in surgical patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, trauma, bleeding or infection. But in recent years it has also been described in patients with other pathologies such as burn injury and sepsis and in medical patients. Normal IAP is approximately 5–7 mmHg in normal adults. IAH is defined by a sustained or repeated pathological elevation in IAP≥12mmHg. It is graded as follows; grade I: IAP 12–15 mmHg; grade II: IAP 16–20 mmHg; grade III: IAP 21–25 mmHg and grade IV: IAP>25mmHg. ACS is defined as a sustained IAP>20mmHg (with or without an APP < 60mmHg) that is associated with new organ dysfunction/failure. IAH/ACS is classified according either the duration of IAH or the cause of the IAH. It is classified according to the cause into; primary, secondary or recurrent. While the classification according to duration into; hyperacute, acute, subacute and chronic.