DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA FOR SITING AND PROTECTING RIVER INTAKES

Abstract

ABSTRACT Major environmental problems which faced most of intakes along the River Nile are accumulation of sediment deposition in front of intakes and inherently the ability to contamination, these problems causes reducing the amount of the drawing water and decreases the intake efficiency. Therefore, the suitable site of intake and protecting the area around the intakes along the River Nile are still present a challenge for engineers, especially what concerning how to handle environmental problems of intakes. The objectives of this research are proposed environmental criteria approach for site selection and protecting of future intakes along the River Nile and creation of evaluation matrix for proposed environmental criteria. To achieve these objectives, it was developed hydrodynamic modeling for river intakes, predicted the annual rate of sediment deposition at front of intakes to calculate the periodic dredging, delineation Intake Protection Zones (IPZs), and calculated vulnerability score of intakes. The hydrodynamic Delft (3D) model was used for simulation and prediction of hydrological and morphological changes for Abu Teg (Assuit) water station which is located at km 407.80 from El Roda gauge (west bank of the River Nile). The hydrodynamic Delft (3D) model used geometric data, the hydrograph for the water levels, and inflow discharges (minimum, maximum, and average) as a time series from year 2005 to year 2011 and predicted from year 2011 to year 2020. Moreover, different scenarios of flow (minimum - maximum) and location for hypothetical contaminants which used to particle tracing in estimate travel time for Intake Protection Zones (IPZs) delineation.