Evaluation of Urinary Cystatin C as an Early Marker of Type1 Diabetic Nephropathy

Abstract

SUMMARY D iabetic nephropathy is one of the most important complications of type1 diabetes which causes many morbidity and mortality cases in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (Donaghue et al., 2009). Many factors may affect the occurrence or the progression of this complication as:- Glycemic control, gender, duration of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, puberty, genetic factors and smoking (ADA, 2007). Microalbuminuria is the recognized method of detection of early diabetic renal affection (Zemanovitz et al., 2009). But as the microalbuminuria is the sign of glomerular affection, and as it is affected by other diseases and factors as urinary tract infections and exercise so many studies have been done to search another earlier predictor of diabetic renal affection (Caramori et al., 2000; Zachwija et al., 2010). This is very important because of the great role of early treatment in reversing the renal changes of diabetes. This treatment consists of treatment of the risk factors like hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidimia and smoking and also the use of drug therapy like angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI).