Recent Management of Rectal Cancer
Adel Mohammed Khalifa;
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer in United States and has the second highest cancer-related mortality rate after lung cancer.
Incidence of Colorectal cancer increase with increasing socioeconomic status. Diets high in meat and fat, low in fruit and vegetables are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. A number of groups have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. At highest risk are those with either of the dominantly inherited conditions familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC).
Rectal cancer can spread locally or distantly via the lymphatic and venous systems.
Rectal cancer may be present for a considerable time before it produces clinical symptoms. The most common symptom of rectal cancer is rectal bleeding and/or change in bowel habit which is present for many months, appearance of weakness, malaise, weight loss and unexplained anemia may occur.
Several approaches are available for the detection of colorectal cancer, including physical examination, digital rectal examination, fecal occult blood testing, serum carcinoembryonic antigen, standard sigmoidoscopy, fiber optic sigmoidoscopy, full colonoscopy, single and double contrast barium enema, PET scan, EURS CT & MRI scans and combinations of these procedures.
Goals in the successful treatment and cure of rectal cancer are local control, restoration of intestinal continuity, and preservation of the anorectal sphincter, sexual function and urinary function as far as possible
There are many different surgical approaches for treatment of cancer rectum include abdominoperineal resction, anterior resction with coloanal anastomosis and also local resction. Total mesorectal excision (TME) provides an adequate lymphadenectomy for rec¬tal cancer.
Recently, laparoscopic procedures play an important role in the management of benign and malignant colorectal diseases as a result of a recent paradigm shift toward minimally invasive surgery. The laparoscopic approach offers several potential benefits over laparotomy, including an earlier return of bowel function, decrease hospital stay and better cosmoses.
Incidence of Colorectal cancer increase with increasing socioeconomic status. Diets high in meat and fat, low in fruit and vegetables are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. A number of groups have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. At highest risk are those with either of the dominantly inherited conditions familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC).
Rectal cancer can spread locally or distantly via the lymphatic and venous systems.
Rectal cancer may be present for a considerable time before it produces clinical symptoms. The most common symptom of rectal cancer is rectal bleeding and/or change in bowel habit which is present for many months, appearance of weakness, malaise, weight loss and unexplained anemia may occur.
Several approaches are available for the detection of colorectal cancer, including physical examination, digital rectal examination, fecal occult blood testing, serum carcinoembryonic antigen, standard sigmoidoscopy, fiber optic sigmoidoscopy, full colonoscopy, single and double contrast barium enema, PET scan, EURS CT & MRI scans and combinations of these procedures.
Goals in the successful treatment and cure of rectal cancer are local control, restoration of intestinal continuity, and preservation of the anorectal sphincter, sexual function and urinary function as far as possible
There are many different surgical approaches for treatment of cancer rectum include abdominoperineal resction, anterior resction with coloanal anastomosis and also local resction. Total mesorectal excision (TME) provides an adequate lymphadenectomy for rec¬tal cancer.
Recently, laparoscopic procedures play an important role in the management of benign and malignant colorectal diseases as a result of a recent paradigm shift toward minimally invasive surgery. The laparoscopic approach offers several potential benefits over laparotomy, including an earlier return of bowel function, decrease hospital stay and better cosmoses.
Other data
| Title | Recent Management of Rectal Cancer | Other Titles | الطرق الحديثة في علاج سرطان المستقيم | Authors | Adel Mohammed Khalifa | Issue Date | 2014 |
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