Screening for Prostate Specific Antigen in Various Types of Breast Tumor Thesis

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women equally in developing and developed countries. Death due to breast cancer has been reduced according to early detection, regular methods for screening of breast cancer and differentiate benign and malignant such as lymph node status, tumor grade, and the status of hormone receptor aren't sufficient to help physician to distinguish between benign and malignant breast cancer, so that we need new markers. Prostatic specific antigen (PSA) is a 240 amino acid expressed at high levels in the epithelium of the human prostate gland and the main biological role of PSA is to liquefy the seminal fluid increasing the the sperm motility. PSA is useful in the detection, staging and monitoring of prostate cancer. It was believed that PSA was produced exclusively by the epithelial cells of the prostate gland, but a large body of evidence demonstrates that PSA is not a prostate-specific molecule. PSA has been shown to be expressed in many forms of female tissues. The breast is a major female organ able to produce PSA. PSA is detected in both normal and abnormal breast tissues, as well as in various breast fluids including milk, nipple aspirate, and cyst fluid. This study aim to compare PSA levels both in serum and tissue in female with benign and malignant breast cancer. summary 88 To accomplish our aim in this study, we select in this study 80 cases divided into three major groups. Healthy subjects with no history of any medical or genetic disease (n = 15). The second group consists of female subjects diagnosed with benign breast cancer (n = 31), those were further divided into 2 subgroups according to their menopause status as pre- (n = 19) and postmenopause (n = 12). The third group consists of female subjects diagnosed with malignant breast cancer by the personal of the National Cancer Institute (n = 34), those were further divided into 2 sub-groups according to their menopause status as pre (n = 14) and postmenopause (n = 20). All patients and control were subjected in the following investigation: 1. Immunohistochemistry examination of prostatic specific antigen for breast biopsies. 2. Determination of complete blood count (CBC), serum Cancer Antigen 15.3 (serum CA 15.3) and prostatic specific antigen (PSA), alkaline phosphatase activity, as well as Calcium. Our data showed that there is no any significant difference in serum total PSA concentration between any of the studied subjects but there are slightly increase in PSA in serum of younger female patient with premenopausal benign hyperplasia, there are significant difference in serum CA 15.3 concentrating when comparing benign and malignant patients with normal subjects, also there was a significant difference when comparing all the subgroups with normal subjects except for the malignant premenopause group, also we observed that histopathological immunostaining results summary 89 showed different variations in the distribution of PSA in the breast tumor tissue, with complete absence of any presence of the PSA in the tissue samples of the malignant after menopause patients.