WASTEWATERTREATMENTUSINGMODIFIEDNATRUAL POLYMER

Abstract

The first chapter presents an introduction to Wastewater treatment,Backgrounds for process of wastewater treatment, Environmental impact of untreated wastewater, Composition of domestic wastewater and Strength of Wastewater.Also it includes Wastewater treatment process, Preliminary treatment, Primary treatment, Secondary treatment, and Tertiary treatment.This chapter also displays Adsorption process, Adsorption phenomenon,Types of adsorbents, Natural polymers, Cellulose and Applications of Cellulose Graft Copolymers,Grafting,Gamma radiation and electron-beam radiation and Monomers used for grafting.

Chapter Two: Literature Review The second chapter presents Literature Review for Super absorbent Hydrogels synthesis and characterization, Chemical synthesis of hydrogels and Radiation synthesis of hydrogels.

Chapter Three: Experimentaland Experimental techniques This chapter presents the experimental part of this thesis. The chemicals, materials, solutions and their resources are reported in this chapter. General procedures for preparation of grafted cotton and Carboxymethyl cellulose,AAm/Cotton cellulose,AAc/Cotton cellulose,AAm/AAc/Cotton cellulose,AAc/CMC hydrogels, AAm/CMC hydrogels andAAc/ AAm /CMC hydrogelswere illustrated.Alsoanalysis and measurements for all experiments were included. The used instrumentations and techniques are also described includingFT-IR spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), UV– Vis Spectrometer Absorbance and Approach of samples technique. Chapter four: Results and Discussion The four chapter demonstrates the results and applications of the designed adsorbents for removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD)andtotal suspended solids (TSS) includes three main sections The first section focuses on thegrafting of Cotton and Carboxymethylcellulose with acrylamide and acrylic acid using gamma radiation and the effect of gamma radiation on the grafting percent .Also study Effect of monomer concentration on the grafting percent and Comparison between different grafting ratios of Cotton and CMC.

The Second section of this chapterdescribedcharacterization of grafted polymers,of CMC, CMC-g-AAm, CMC-g-AAc and CMC-g- AAm/AAc using several instrumental techniques such as FT-IR,DSC and scanning electron microscope (SEM)). The collected results confirm the successful synthesis of natural CMCand its modification by acrylic acid (AAc) and acrylamide (AAm)by gamma radiation as physical initiator.