Studies On the effects of Deltamethrin On Oreochmis niloticus
Yones Ali Atta;
Abstract
Therefore, the present study was carried-out on cultured O.niloticus experimentally exposed to deltamethrin to determine the lethal concentration fifty (LC50) and to investigate the clinical signs and P.M. lesions of acute and chronic toxicity as well as study to some histopathological lesions and haematological parameters which affected by pollution and affect fish immunity.
Regarding to the estimation of LC5o, 0. niloticus was exposed to different levels of deltamethrin. It was found that the 96 hours LC50 of deltamethrin was 50 ug/L.
In acute and chronic toxicity in the present study in which the fish were exposed to deltamethrin concentration equal to 1/2 and 1/10 of 96 hours LC50, respectively; the clinical signs and post mortem changes of deltamethrin exposed fish in acute and chronic toxicity were in the fonn of nervous manifestations such as deviated swimming, aimless movement, and abnonnal behavioral responses. Respiratory manifestations reflected by severe congestion of gills, and severe congestion of most internal organs with prominent darkness of skin, erosion, congestion, hemorrhage and inflammation with darkening of body color and enlarged, congested spleen and kidney. Also, there were erosion of the tail fin, exophthalmia and cloudiness. At the end of the experiment there was a loss of scales, congestion of fins as well as, around the eyes.
The results of serum biochemistry in chronic exposure to deltamethrin revealed a significant increase of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) enzymes in serum of exposed fish due to hepatic toxicity. There was a significant increase in s. AST and s. ALT in deltamethrin exposed fish after the first week of exposure till the end of experiment Hypoproteinaemia and hypoalbuminaemia showed in deltamethrin treated fish groups.
Glucose in chronic experiment was significantly increased in deltamethrin treated fish .
The results of blood parameter in chronic exposure to deltamethrin revealed relatively significant decrease in RBCs, WBCs and PCV as well as hemoglobin concentration in the exposed fish . PA and PI were reduced significantly in chronic toxicity of deltamethrin .
The histopathological changes during the chronic toxicity studies of deltamethrin were variably. The hepatic tissue showed congestion with various degrees of degenerative changes in exposed fish starting with granular degeneration then vacuolar degeneration ending with hepatic cell necrosis and somewhat remarkable delayed progression oflesions in 0. niloticus.
Congestion and various degrees of pathological lesions in gills of fish due to exposure to deltamethrin were evident. The firstly observed lesion was lamellar edema, separation of epithdium of primary and secondary lamella with necrosis of lameller epithelium, with the progress proliferation and fusion of secondary lamellae occurred whichlead to hyperplasia and telang iectasis alse thrombosis and fibrosis were occurred which is frequent following exposure to chemical pollutants.
The renal tissue of posterior kidney exhibited congestion, diffuse granular and vacuolar degenerative changes and focal hyaline droplet degeneration which were more evident in groups exposed to deltamethrin after 1st week .
In relation to antibody titer and relative level of protection (RLP) of O.niloticus, it was lower in groups exposed to deltamethrin than chlorofonn alone which were lower than control group .
Regarding to the estimation of LC5o, 0. niloticus was exposed to different levels of deltamethrin. It was found that the 96 hours LC50 of deltamethrin was 50 ug/L.
In acute and chronic toxicity in the present study in which the fish were exposed to deltamethrin concentration equal to 1/2 and 1/10 of 96 hours LC50, respectively; the clinical signs and post mortem changes of deltamethrin exposed fish in acute and chronic toxicity were in the fonn of nervous manifestations such as deviated swimming, aimless movement, and abnonnal behavioral responses. Respiratory manifestations reflected by severe congestion of gills, and severe congestion of most internal organs with prominent darkness of skin, erosion, congestion, hemorrhage and inflammation with darkening of body color and enlarged, congested spleen and kidney. Also, there were erosion of the tail fin, exophthalmia and cloudiness. At the end of the experiment there was a loss of scales, congestion of fins as well as, around the eyes.
The results of serum biochemistry in chronic exposure to deltamethrin revealed a significant increase of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) enzymes in serum of exposed fish due to hepatic toxicity. There was a significant increase in s. AST and s. ALT in deltamethrin exposed fish after the first week of exposure till the end of experiment Hypoproteinaemia and hypoalbuminaemia showed in deltamethrin treated fish groups.
Glucose in chronic experiment was significantly increased in deltamethrin treated fish .
The results of blood parameter in chronic exposure to deltamethrin revealed relatively significant decrease in RBCs, WBCs and PCV as well as hemoglobin concentration in the exposed fish . PA and PI were reduced significantly in chronic toxicity of deltamethrin .
The histopathological changes during the chronic toxicity studies of deltamethrin were variably. The hepatic tissue showed congestion with various degrees of degenerative changes in exposed fish starting with granular degeneration then vacuolar degeneration ending with hepatic cell necrosis and somewhat remarkable delayed progression oflesions in 0. niloticus.
Congestion and various degrees of pathological lesions in gills of fish due to exposure to deltamethrin were evident. The firstly observed lesion was lamellar edema, separation of epithdium of primary and secondary lamella with necrosis of lameller epithelium, with the progress proliferation and fusion of secondary lamellae occurred whichlead to hyperplasia and telang iectasis alse thrombosis and fibrosis were occurred which is frequent following exposure to chemical pollutants.
The renal tissue of posterior kidney exhibited congestion, diffuse granular and vacuolar degenerative changes and focal hyaline droplet degeneration which were more evident in groups exposed to deltamethrin after 1st week .
In relation to antibody titer and relative level of protection (RLP) of O.niloticus, it was lower in groups exposed to deltamethrin than chlorofonn alone which were lower than control group .
Other data
| Title | Studies On the effects of Deltamethrin On Oreochmis niloticus | Other Titles | دراسات على تأثيرات الدلتامثرين على البلطى النيلي | Authors | Yones Ali Atta | Issue Date | 2010 |
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