The Role of Calcium Channel Blockers in the Treatment of Theophylline Toxicity

Abstract

The present study showed that theophylline intoxication is a serious drug poisoning and is becoming more dangerous due to the increasing use of the sustained-release preparations. It showed also that the main toxic effects of theophylline are on the GIT in the form of nausea, vomiting and hematemesis, on the cardiovascular system in the form of sinus tachycardia and ectopics and on the central nervous system in the form of headache and seizures. Biochemical changes in the form of hyperglycemia; hypokalemia and increase in serum levels of CPK and LDH were also seen following acute theophylline intoxication

The study showed also that the early use of calcium channel blockers could counteract some of the toxic manifestations seen in acute theophylline intoxication. There was decrease in the serum glucose, CPK and LDH and an increase in serum potassium level. Decrease in pulse rate was also noticed. Moreover the use of calcium channel blockers could prevent theophylline-induced myocardial necrosis.

From the previous study it is recommended that:

I. Physicians should be aware about theophylline interactions when prescribing other medications for patients receiving theophylline. 2. Appropriate doses of theophylline should be given for elder

patients.

3. Assessment of the hepatic and renal functions should be done for those patients on long-term therapy with theophylline. 4. Physicians should be aware about the early manifestations of

tehophylline intoxication