ARTHROSCOPIC VS OPEN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF FEMOROACETABULAR IMPINGEMENT (FAI)

Abstract

The pelvis is a ball and socket type joint that provide many degrees of freedom and resultant mobility thus give a multitude of well recognized disorders related to either defect in that ball and socket mechanism. Classically two types of FAI described, Cam and Pincer. The Cam impingement is called for femoral head change in its normal shape either asphericity or flattening that results in abutment of the head with rim of the acetabulum while the pincer type is called for the acetabular problems in form over coverage of the femoral head , retroversion of the acetabulum , but most of the cases are mixture of both types. Diagnosis of these cases should follow good history taking of the current illness , duration of the problem, and giving special care to pain with good identification to location of the pain , what increase and what subsides it that gave good idea about the correlation with other symptoms that may appear ,past history of previous hip anomalies or surgeries should be outline in line with examination. Physical examination should be served with careful inspection , palpation and measurement of the range of motion. All these measures should be assured by special testing maneuvers. The clinical diagnosis is always confirmed by means of radiological measures as plain x-ray serves well in explaining the nature of the condition by means of special positions that confirms the diagnosis, CT scan is also used for confirming diagnosis but its used less than plain X-ray and MR but it gives good Idea about the bony pelvis that helped by MRI which give an idea about the labrum and surrounding soft tissue.