Incidence and Management of Postoperative Complications Occurring in I.C.U among Patient Undergoing Cardiac Surgery An Essay

Abstract

outine monitoring following cardiac surgery typically includes continuous telemetry, measurement of the arterial blood pressure via an arterial catheter, measurement of the cardiac filling pressures via a pulmonary artery catheter, continuous assessment of the arterial oxygen saturation via pulse oximetry, and continuous measurement of the mixed venous oxygen saturation via an oximetric pulmonary artery catheter. Such monitoring allows instantaneous assessment of cardiopulmonary physiology. Postoperative cardiac dysfunction is usually suspected when there is unexplained postoperative hypotension, tachycardia, or pulmonary edema. Evaluation consists of reviewing the patient’s telemetry, echocardiography, invasive hemodynamic assessment via a pulmonary artery catheter, and a 12-lead electrocardiogram. These four tests are likely to identify the cause of cardiac dysfunction. A chest x-ray may be helpful if these tests do not find the cause of cardiac dysfunction. The most common causes of cardiac dysfunction following cardiac surgery are mechanical complications, physiologic complications (inadequate preload, excessive afterload, and poor ventricular inotropy), dysrhythmias, and myocardial infarction. Cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass can be complicated by vasodilatory (distributive) shock. Most patients