ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL OF ROOFTOP RAINWATER HARVESTING INIBB CITY, YEMEN
Mashaal Qassim Saleh Qutabsh;
Abstract
Although arid and semi-arid regions are the most vulnerable regions to water scarcity, it is witnessed that large amounts of fresh rainwater is lost by evaporation or to the sea. Further, floods frequently cause damage in cities and villages. Therefore, rainwater harvesting (RWH) may be a vital technology for securing alternative water resources in such regions.
The underlying research aims at evaluating the present and future water situation in Ibb City, Yemen, and hence assessing the impact of RWH in closing the water gap. First, a survey of available water resources and water demands in the study region has been carried out based on available data and studies from NWRA and IWSLC, upon which the present and future water deficit until 2050 has been determined. Further, a field survey has been carried out to assess water quality and consumer opinion. Except for biological parameters, it was found that all water quality parameters were within acceptable limits according to WHO and Yemen water law. The collected water would be suitable for drinking after use of a suitable filter and roof cleaning, a survey of available water resources and water demands in the study region has been carried out based on available data and studies from NWRA and IWSLC, upon which the present and future water deficit and based on a per capita water demand of 70 lpcd, water deficit has been estimated at 25% in (2015) and reaching 48% by 2050. In order to close this gap, the potential quantity of water that could be secured through water harvesting from the roofs of all buildings has been calculated through the utilization of GIS maps and the rational method. Further, a field survey has been carried out to assess water quality and consumer opinion.
Three different scenarios for the estimation of the amount of RWH have been considered as follows. The first scenario assumes tapping the maximum potential and supplying the remaining quantity from the local corporation to reach 70 lpcd. The second scenario assumes the water provided by the corporation to be fixed at the present supply rate of 43 lpcd since it has a lower cost for the consumer and supply the shortage from harvested water (27 lpcd). The third scenario considers the worst conditions like wars and drying of wells so it is assumed that the per capita demand shall be only 34 lpcd to be supplied solely by RWH.
The first scenario showed a surplus of 15.2% at the beginning of implementation, but reaching a 7.1% deficiency in 2050. The second scenario resulted in a 10% surplus at the beginning, reaching 12% deficiency in 2050, while in the third scenario no deficiency would result, as the per capita water demand has been assumed to be according to the potential RWH. Economic criteria have been applied to select the most suitable storage tank design.
Further analysis on the feasibility and economical studies of the scenarios showed that the lowest cost of one M3 is 1.70 USD when applying first and third scenarios.
The underlying research aims at evaluating the present and future water situation in Ibb City, Yemen, and hence assessing the impact of RWH in closing the water gap. First, a survey of available water resources and water demands in the study region has been carried out based on available data and studies from NWRA and IWSLC, upon which the present and future water deficit until 2050 has been determined. Further, a field survey has been carried out to assess water quality and consumer opinion. Except for biological parameters, it was found that all water quality parameters were within acceptable limits according to WHO and Yemen water law. The collected water would be suitable for drinking after use of a suitable filter and roof cleaning, a survey of available water resources and water demands in the study region has been carried out based on available data and studies from NWRA and IWSLC, upon which the present and future water deficit and based on a per capita water demand of 70 lpcd, water deficit has been estimated at 25% in (2015) and reaching 48% by 2050. In order to close this gap, the potential quantity of water that could be secured through water harvesting from the roofs of all buildings has been calculated through the utilization of GIS maps and the rational method. Further, a field survey has been carried out to assess water quality and consumer opinion.
Three different scenarios for the estimation of the amount of RWH have been considered as follows. The first scenario assumes tapping the maximum potential and supplying the remaining quantity from the local corporation to reach 70 lpcd. The second scenario assumes the water provided by the corporation to be fixed at the present supply rate of 43 lpcd since it has a lower cost for the consumer and supply the shortage from harvested water (27 lpcd). The third scenario considers the worst conditions like wars and drying of wells so it is assumed that the per capita demand shall be only 34 lpcd to be supplied solely by RWH.
The first scenario showed a surplus of 15.2% at the beginning of implementation, but reaching a 7.1% deficiency in 2050. The second scenario resulted in a 10% surplus at the beginning, reaching 12% deficiency in 2050, while in the third scenario no deficiency would result, as the per capita water demand has been assumed to be according to the potential RWH. Economic criteria have been applied to select the most suitable storage tank design.
Further analysis on the feasibility and economical studies of the scenarios showed that the lowest cost of one M3 is 1.70 USD when applying first and third scenarios.
Other data
| Title | ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL OF ROOFTOP RAINWATER HARVESTING INIBB CITY, YEMEN | Other Titles | تقييم إمكانية حصاد مياه الأمطارمن أسطح المنازل بمدينة إب-اليمن | Authors | Mashaal Qassim Saleh Qutabsh | Issue Date | 2017 |
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