Weight Loss Surgery as an Effective Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

D.M is a metabolic syndrome caused by insulin deficiency or resistance or both. Which usually complicated with microvascular (neuropathy, nephropathy or retinopathy) and macrovascular (IHD, HTN, strokes or PAD). It is found that, there are improvement in the glycemic condition after the bariatric surgery. It was thought that improvement is related to the weight loss, but the improvement usually precedes the weight loss. That is due to the changes of the GUT hormones like GLP-1 and GIP which increase insulin and decrease glucagon secretion and ghrelin and PYY which affect food intake. The sleeve gastrectomyand RYGB arepreferred due to their minimal complications.Mini-gastric bypass, Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with loop bipartition and SADI-S are new eras. The effect of the operations not related only to the glycemic control but also decrease the micro and macrovascular complications. Usually about 80% of the patient completely cured from D.M, about one third of the patient relapses. Key words:Bariatric, T1DM,T2DM and GIT hormones .