Osteoporosis Risk Factors among Female University Students

Abstract

Introduction: Thewordosteoporosisliterallymeans"porousbones." It occurswhenboneslose an excessiveamount of theirproteinandmineralcontent,particularlycalcium.Overtime,bonemass,andthereforbonestrength, is decreased. As a result,bonesbecomefragileandbreakeasily.Even a sneeze or a suddenmovementmay be enough to break a bone in someonewithsevereosteoporosis. Although all bones can be affected by the disease, the bones of the spine, hip, and wrist are most likely to break.Hip fractures can be particularly dangerous because the prolonged immobility required during the healing process can lead to blood clots or pneumonia, both of which can have fatal consequences. The burden of osteoporosis 200 million affected a worldwide and 44 million united state women and men age >50years and cost 2012 ($19billion) 2025($25billion). The burden of fractures secondary to osteoporosis are an important cause of mortality and morbidity Approximately 1.6 million hip fractures occur each year worldwide, the incidence is set to increase to 6.3 million by 2050. One in every three women and one in every 12 men is suffering from osteoporosis. Aim of the Study The aims of the study to assess the osteoporosis risk factors among femaleuniversity students through:- - Identify risk factors of female universitystudents regarding osteoporosis. - Assessing knowledge of female university students regarding osteoporosis. - Assessing reported practices offemale universitystudents regarding osteoporosis. Study question: - Are there relation between the socio demographic characteristics of femaleuniversity students regarding the risk factor of osteoporosis and their knowledge? - Are there relation between socio demographic characteristics of female university students regarding the risk factor of osteoporosis and their practice? - Are there relation between knowledge female university students regarding the risk factor of osteoporosis and theirpractice? Subjects and Methods Research Design: Descriptive design was used. Setting: The study was conducted at College of Education and Science for Girls Department of literaryin Ain Shams University. Containing the College of Education and Science for Girls on the threesections as sectional educational, scientific department's and Humanities departments. Humanities is divided section of the literary into eight sections and has been chosen college history, divided into four teams and was the total number of students in 2000 were selected 400 students for the work of the study.The Faculty was selected because it for female only, and the disease is most common in females more than males. Subjects: Sample Type: Purposive sample of 400 female students were selection according to the fowllowing criteria. Sample Technique: The techniques of selection was carried out as follows, the sample was selected from the College of Education and Science for Girls Department of literary (theoretical section) Ain Shams University and the total number of students were 2000 While, were chosen 400 students for the work study. Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age between 18 – 21 2. Not previously diagnosed with osteoporosis Size: The study sample was included 400 femals university students from pre-mentioned setting. Tools ofdata collection: An Interview QuestionnaireSheet: It consists ofseven parts for data collection from the femals univeresty students. It was developed and modified by investigator to assess the following: Part (I)Identifying thesociodemographic characteristicsdata of female university students. It was developed by investigator based on literature review and expert opinions to assess: The demographic data for the female university students. It consists of 11 questions. 1 open questions such as age and 10 closed ended questions such as the personal data As, marital status, income, sources of medical information and socioeconomic ….etc. Part(II) Medical health history for the femaleuniversity students.It consists of 13 questions such as history of diabetes mellitus, rheumatic disease, thyroid, kidney disease, multiple fractures and cancer ….etc. Part (III) Assessment of obstetric health history of female university students. It consists of 6 questions of pregnancy for married students, type of labor, parity use of types of contraceptive methods. Part (IV)Family history of female university students. It developed by the investigator based on literature review and expert opinions. It consists of 11 questions to assess, past and present history Part (V)Knowledge of female universitystudents.It consists of 17 questions to assess, general knowledge-risk factors-caeuses- preventive habits or behaviors of osteoporosis. Part (VI) Practices of female university students regarding osteoporosis risk factors. It developed by the investigator based on literature review and expert opinions. It consists of 3 questions to assess, daily practice, nutritional status, physical status. Part (VII) Physical assessment of female university students regarding osteoporosis risk factors. To measure Height, weight and body mass index.