BREEDING WHEAT FOR HEAT TOLERANCE

Abstract

Heat is the most important factor limiting crop productivity around the world. Hence, there are increased demands for heat tolerance genotypes, therefore numerous plant breeders have focused on improving genotypes of heat tolerance through understanding the effects of morphological, physiological and biochemical mechanisms on plant processes under heat stress conditions. Due to the complexity of heat tolerance, a quick and effective screen for this trait has not yet to be established. So, we need to find efficient screening method able to screen large amounts of plant materials in the shortest time possible and select the most efficient genotypes. The seven cultivars; Sakha 93 (P1), Gemmeiza 11 (P2), Gemmeiza 10 (P3), Gemmeiza 7 (P4), Misr 2 (P5), Sids 1 (P6), and Giza 168 (P7) were used in this study. The experimental field work was carried out during the two successive seasons; 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 at the Agricultural experiment station of Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University at Shalakan, Kalubia, Governorate. In the first season, the seven parents were crossed in a diallel fashion to make all possible crosses among parents, excluding reciprocals, and the 21 F1 seeds were obtained. In the second season, the seeds of the 21 F1 hybrids