Assessment of Interleukin 1- βin controlled & uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetic patients.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus, especially type 2 diabetes,is a public health problem that has reached the range of epidemic due to the rapidly increasing rates of the disease throughout the world. More important, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes will continue to rise in the next 20 years, most patients with type 2 diabetes are obese, and the global epidemic of obesity largely explains the dramatic increase in the incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes over the past 20 years. Perspectives on type 2 diabetes have changed substantially in the last decades with the notion that chronic, low-grade inflammation and activation of the innate immune system are closely involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. IL-1β has been a known mediator of β-cell dysfunction and death for more than 25 years and is potentiated by TNFα and IFNɣ, both of which are present at high levels under conditions of insulin resistance. Indeed, β-cells are uniquely susceptible to IL-1β’s effects as they express higher levels of interleukin one receptors (IL-1R1) than any other cell type in the body. Also peripherally, A relationship between insulin resistance and inflammation within the fat and unleashed a torrent of association studies indicting insulin resistance as a bona fide inflammatory disorder involving inflammatory cytokines like (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and TNF α) with peripheral fat tissue. The patients were classified into: • Group (1): 30 healthy recently uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients on sulphonylureasover last 6 months, their age range from 40 – 65 years with mean (55.767 ± 7.001) years. • Group (2): 30 controlled healthy type 2 diabetic patients on sulphonylureasover last 6 months, their age range from 40 – 65 years with mean (52.700± 7.778) years. • Group (3): 20 healthy individuals with mean (52.500± 7.571) years. The results of the study showed that: Serum IL-1β was significantly increased in recently uncontrolled diabetics than controlled diabetics & normal subjects & also Serum IL-1β was positively correlated with glycemic levels & control. HOMA IR & hence insulin resistance was significantly increased in recently uncontrolled diabetics than in controlled diabetics, than in normal subjects. Serum IL 1β concentration was positively correlated cholesterol level & was negatively correlated with serum high density lipoproteins (HDL) in diabetics studied cases.