RECENT TRENDS IN MANAGEMENT OF CANCER COLON

Abstract

Colorectal cancer is the third common cancer affecting both males and females which affect nearly 800,000 individuals worldwide & associated with 500,000 deaths. In Egypt the vast majority of tumors(97.2%) have no polyps and (37.2%) of patients are presented with primary lesion in the rectum. CRC has a relatively complex pathogenesis. It was generally believed that diet of high acid and low cellulose increase the risk. The pathogenesis of CRC follows a predictable sequence from adenoma to carcinoma, with histologic changes developing as genetic mutations are acquired over time. The challenge is screening and early detection which can reduce CRC by more than 50%. Methods currently available for screening fall into two categories stool based tests and endoscopic & radiological tests. Today new methods like new potential biomarkers like protein COL10A1, stable miRNA molecules and recently a novel near infrared (NIR) florescent nano-particles which serve as a valuable tool in the field of colon tumor detection Currently surgery is the only radical therapy for CRC and laparoscopic colectomy has been the focus of surgeons around the world. Robotic surgery was introduced today to CRC to overcome the challenge of minimally invasive dissection in the narrow deep pelvis. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be used after surgery according to stage of CRC, recently targeted therapy after researchers learned more about the gene & protein changes allow develop newer drugs that specifically target these changes.