Studies on bioactive components in two edible mushrooms

Abstract

Two edible mushroom strains (Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus ) were cultivated on different substrates and assayed in vitro for their bioactivities using three solvents for extraction including ethanol, methanol and water from the fruiting bodies of the two species, against eight bacterial species including gram positive and negative bacteria. as well as six fungal species including yeast and filamentous fungi. the aqueous fresh extract of P. ostreatus was the highly potent extract that show high inhibition growth of all bacterial and fungal organisms used during this study. Also the study showed that the active extracts of both kinds of mushroom had an effect on the morphology and ultrastructure of tested bacterial and fungal strains by using scanning and transmission electron microscope, furthermore these extracts also had effect on protein profile of pathogenic tested microbes. In addition, the study showed that the tested extracts of mushrooms had strong antioxidant activities These results also indicated that the aqueous extracts of pleurotus osteratus either fresh or dried were act as good antiviral source especially against HSV-2 and VSV viruses than Agaricus bisporus In current study most of mushroom extracts decreased the survival of liver carcinoma cells of (HCT116, MCF-7 and HepG2) Five active compounds were obtained and isolated both kinds of mushrooms using sephadex (G l00) column chromatography and purified by thin layer chromatography (TLC), they were characterized using IR, NMR and Mass spectroscopic analysis First active compound (A) isolated from fresh aqueous extract of fruiting bodies of P. ostreatus was identified as Chlorom ethyle 2-(dodecahydro -4,6,7,9-tetra hydroxyl-9methyl 1-H cyclopenta {a}naphthalene-3-Yl)acetate, The second compound (B) isolated from of fresh aqueous P. ostreatus was identified as2-((1E,3E)-A-Chloro-2mercaptobuta-1.3-dieenyl)-1,2,3,3,4b,5,6,8a,9,10-dechydrophenatherene-3,5,10triol. The third compound (C) isolated from dried P. ostreatus was identified as chlorom ethyl 8-acetoxy1,2,4a,4b,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10a,10b,11-tetradecahydro-1,5dihydroxy chrysene-2-carboxylate. The fourth compound (D) isolated from aqueous fresh extract of fruiting bodies of A.bisporus was identified as D-€-6-Chloro-1-(decahydro-1-hydroxynaphthalene-5-YL)-2-hydroxmethyl)hex-4-en-3-one Fifth compound (E) isolated from aqueous dried extract of A.bisporus was identified as 5-(E)-4 (3-amino-5-neopentylcyclohexyl)but-2enyle)cyclohexane 1.3 diamine.