Sonographic and Doppler Characteristics of Subendometrium in Cases of Menorrhagia after Intrauterine Contraceptive Device Insertion

Abstract

The intrauterine contraceptive device is one of the most frequently used method of contraception allover the world. The most important adverse effects related to copper intrauterine contraceptive device use are excessive uterine bleeding and menstrual pain which are responsible for 5-15% removal rate of IUD during the first year of its insertion. Abnormal uterine bleeding may be excessive to the extent of causing iron deficiency anemia. There are several possible mechanism that explain the cause of menorrhagia in patient using IUCD. Several studies reported that IUD insertion increase the production of prostaglandins in the endometrium which cause an increase in vascularity, vascular permeability and inhibit platelet activity and therefore increase menstrual bleeding.