"Synthesis and evaluation of some surface active agents based on Michael addition reaction and their application in some vital fields"

Abstract

Different generations of cationic hyperbranched polyamidoamine (PAMAM) quaternary ammonium salt dendrimers terminated with methyl ester and amine end groups were synthesized. Preparation of these dendrimers was carried out via alternative steps of aza Michael addition reaction (of piperazine as core center molecule) and amidation reaction (by ethylene diamine). Each step was followed by quaternization using alkyl bromide with different chain length (4, 8 or 12) carbon atoms. The chemical structures of the prepared dendrimers were confirmed using FTIR, 1H-NMR spectra and elemental analysis. Also their surface activity has been studied and their surface parameters including surface and interfacial tension, emulsification power, critical micelle concentration, effectiveness, efficiency, maximum surface excess and minimum surface area were determined. The prepared quaternized dendrimers were applied in different fields where most of them revealed significant results. First, the dendrimers were tested as antimicrobial agents against different strains of bacteria, yeast and fungi, where the results showed that they have significant results as antimicrobial agents. Then, the compounds which gave the most significant biocidal activity were selected to be evaluated against sulfate reducing bacteria. Also, the synthesized polyamidoamine cationic surfactants were applied as anti-tumor agents against breast cancer cell, in which they showed good activity. Finally, in the field of drug delivery, all the synthesized polyamidoamine cationic surfactants were used as solubilizing agents for a poorly soluble drug (coenzyme Q10). The compounds that gave the highest solubility value were selected to be evaluated in the dissolution study of both coenzyme Q10 and Ledipasvir drug. Finally, the toxicity test was performed for two selected compounds from the prepared dendrimers and the results proved safety of these compounds.