Therapeutic impact of Grape (Vitis vinifera) leaves Polyphenols on neurological biomarkers of Alzheimer's dementia in aged rats

Abstract

Alzheimer’s (AD) dementia is an age-related, multifactorial, and irreversible devastating neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by slow and progressive degeneration of cortical neurons and finally leading to neurocognitive deterioration and memory impairment with great social burden and health-care costs. The main histological brain lesions of AD are amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles accompanied with endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and disorders in lipid metabolism. Aluminum, proposed as an environmental factor, is a potent widely distributed neurotoxic metal that plays a remarkable role in the neuropathogenesis of AD by affecting several enzymes and other biomolecules related to neurotoxicity. The current study aimed to evaluate the possible neurotherapeutic effects of Vitis leaves polyphenolic (VLP) extract in ameliorating aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced neurotoxicity in male rats. Rats were divided into five groups: normal control rats; VLP-normal control rats; AlCl3- intoxicated rats; AD-VLP treated rats, AD-RIVA treated rats. At the end of experiment; biochemical, histopathological and behavioral investigations were carried out. Furthermore, comet assay was performed to detect DNA damage.