Obstructive sleep apnea and its effects on o cardiovascular diseases systemic review and meta-Analysis Study

Abstract

OSA syndrome is defined by five or more respiratory events apneas, hypopneas, or RERAs-in association with excessive daytime somnolence; waking with gasping, choking, or breath holding; or witnessed reports of apneas, loud snoring, or both. Each episode of apnea or hypopnea must last a minimum of 10 seconds, is commonly accompanied by reductions in blood oxygen saturation of at least 3% to 4%, and is usually terminated by brief, unconscious arousals from sleep. Snoring between apneas is a frequent complaint of bed partners and is often the symptom that prompts these patients to seek medical attention, although excessive daytime somnolence is a common initial complaint. Automobile accidents and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are frequent complications if OSA is left untreated. Many OSA sufferers complain of awakening from sleep with morning headache, sore throat, and fatigue or a feeling of being un refreshed regardless of the duration of sleep. OSA is exacerbated by ingestion of alcohol, sedative use, and weight gain. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine classifies mild OSA as 5 to 15 events per hour, moderate as 15 to 30 events, and severe as 30 events or more.