ANAESTHETIC MANAGEMENT OF NON OBSTETRIC EMERGENCIES IN PREGNANT FEMALES

Abstract

rauma during pregnancy is challenging issue on the mother and the fetus the risk for trauma during pregnancy increase due to physiological changes that occur during pregnancy (Gaiser, 2009). Cardiovascular Changes: Changes in the cardiovascular system occur throughout gestation and include (1) an increase in intravascular volumes and changes in hematology, (2) an increase in cardiac output, (3) a decrease in vascular resistance, and (4) the presence of supine hypotension (Cheek and Gutsche, 2002). Intravascular Volumes and Hematology Maternal intravascular fluid volume begins to increase in the first trimester secondary to changes in the renin angiotensin-aldosterone system promoting sodium absorption and water retention. These changes are likely induced by rising progesterone from the gestational sac (Wintrobe, 2009). Respiratory system changes Pregnancy results in significant alterations in (1) the upper airway, (2) lung volumes and minute ventilation, and (3) O2 consumption and metabolic rate also there are increase in tissue friability and edema of the mucosal lining of the