Superheated Steam Generation using Solar System Prototype for recovery of Heavy Oil from Egyptian Reservoirs

Abstract

Nowadays, solar energy is considered as one of the most important sources of free, clean, and renewable energy with zero carbon dioxide emission. Solar energy collectors considered as a type of heat exchangers which transform solar energy to an internal energy of the transport medium. This work interested in design prototype solar collector, synthesis of hybrid nanofluid, application of the nanofluid in the prototype solar collectors, calculation of the thermal conductivity and finally, modeling study to generate the superheated steam. The Thesis includes four chapters as follows; Chapter I: Introduction The introduction contains the latest literature review in the thesis subject. The introduction includes also a brief description of the solar radiation and Energy today, history and utilization of solar energy, solar energy collectors, flat-plate collectors, parabolic trough collector and operating principles of collector. The introduction includes also a review on nanofluids; preparation, stability mechanisms and applications.