Right Ventricular Function Assessment in patinets with chronic stable angina with Type II DM Versus Non Diabetic Patients by TAPSE and TDI Echocardiography

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a prime risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vascular disorders include retinopathy and nephropathy, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), stroke, and coronary artery disease (CAD). Diabetes also affects the heart muscle, causing both systolic and diastolic heart failure. Evidence suggests that although hyperglycemia, the hallmark of diabetes, contributes to myocardial damage after ischemic events, it is clearly not the only factor, because both pre-diabetes and the presence of the metabolic syndrome, even in normoglycemic patients, increase the risk of most types of CVD. Diabetic cardiomyopathy refers to myocardial dysfunction independent of coronary artery disease. The underlying mechanisms are proposed to be multifactorial, including microangiopathy and myocardial fibrosis.