Role of Sirtuin-1 and Irisin in Diabetic Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary artery disease (CAD), are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Among cardiovascular risk factors, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) represents an independent risk factor that is risk-equivalent to a previous ischemic event. Several pathological mechanisms are associated with progression of coronary atherosclerosis in diabetic patients including, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress (OS), and inflammation. Moreover, rupture of the fibrous cap of unstable atherosclerotic plaques is the main precipitating factor for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the subsequent coronary occlusion and myocardial thrombosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common metabolic pathway that connects insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 DM to AMI. Moreover, reperfusion of ischemic myocardium is associated with adverse consequences that may be attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction as well.