Feasibility of using water hyacinth (WH) as concrete admixtures

Abstract

As a result of growing volumes of non- hazardous recyclable by products or waste materials, there is a concerned effori in Egypt as well as worldwide to find safe recyclable uses of these materials. In this regard, many of these materials have found their way into cement motiars, and concrete mixes. Numerous waste materials result either from manufacturing operations servrce industries, sewage treatment plants, households and mrnrng or already presented in nature. Legislation has been enacted by several countries in recent years to either mandate the use of some waste materials or to examine the feasibility of such usage. Review of previous work revealed that the concrete industry has been pressured in recent years to incorporate a wide variety of waste materials into concrete. This has raised the following legitimate concems (a) engineering concerns such as effect on the engineering properties (for example, strength and durability), impact on production, and future recyclability;(b) environmental concerns such as emission, fumes, odder leaching, and handling and processing procedures; and (c) economic concerns such as life cycle costs, salvage value, and lack of monetary incentives. Enormous quantities of waste materials of plant origin are generated annually in Egypt. The principal constituents of these materials are qualitatively similar and quantitatively different. Many reviews have been suggest that lignocelluloses are the basic constituent of plant cells, as well as a plant residue and composed of cellulose, hemi cellulose, lignin, protein, and various extraneous materials. In consequence, it was believed that waste materials of plant origin could produce similar benefits. However, among the plant wastes commonly