REDUCING CHOLESTEROL LEVEL IN CHICKEN PRODUCTS

Abstract

Two experimental works were carried out in the Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University to decrease cholesterol concentration in poultry products. First one aimed to decrease cholesterol in Arbor Acres broiler meal and the other in Lohmann eggs. In both experiments, birds were divided randomly to 4 equal groups using the following additive treatments:

1- First group was supplemented with black seed (BS), for either with 2% in broiler or 1% in layer basal diet.

2- Second group was supplemented with 200 mg copper (Cu), for either broiler or layer basal diet.

3- Third group was supplemented with 200 mg vitamin C (VC), for either broiler or layer basal diet.

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4- Fourth group fed basal diet without supplementation as control.

In first experiment, total number of 340 Arbor Acres chicks, were used to decrease cholesterol concentration in broiler meal. The feed additives were added to the basal diet from I to 6 weeks of age. Individual body weigbt was recorded and body weigbt gain was calculated weekly. Feed consumption/cbick/day was calculated on the 15 chicks/group that housed in battery cages and feed conversion ratio was calculated as weakly feed consumption/weekly weigbt gain. Dressing. fleshing. giblet parts and liver percentage were measured related to live body weigbt at 6 week of age. Liver wcigbt was also measured at I, 2 and 4 weeks of age. Body measurements such as; Keel length, Breast width and Shank length were recorded at 4, 5 and 6 weeks of age. Cumulative mortality rate recorded at the end of the experiment from I to 6 weeks of age.

Total cholesterol in plasma, breast skin, breast muscle, thigb skin and thigb muscle at I, 3 and 6 weeks of age. Plasma LDL, HDL and triglycerides were determined at I, 3 and 6 weeks of age. ELISA titer against Infectious Bursal Disease viruv and HI titer against Newcastle disease virus were determine at I, 3 and 5 weeks of age. Also, challenge against ND virulent virus was determine as ELISA and Iii titers at 5 weeks of age. Lymphoid organs such as; Spleen and bursa at I, 3 and 6 weeks of age as proportionate to live body weigbt.

In second experiment total number of 128 Lohmann commercial layer hens, at 31 weeks of age used to decrease egg cholesterol. The feed additives were added to the basal diet for 4 weeks of age, then hens were switched off to the basal diet without supplementations for 4 weeks. Body weigbt, feed intake, mortality, egg number, egg weigbt, egg composition and egg quality were recorded biweekly. Also, plasma cholesterol, LDL, HDItriglycerides and yolk cholesterol were determined every two weeks.

Results can be summari7.ed in the following:

I. Productive traits:

A. First experiment (Broiler): I. Body weight: Body weigbt was significantly improved in all studied additives than control, improvement was higber in birds received 2% black seed followed by 200 mg VC/kg than 200 mg copper/kg diet in most ages. 2. Body weight gain: Results of weekly weigbt gain declared that all dietary supplementation gained weigbt significantly faster at I" and 2"" week of age than control. The trend was also true insignificantly at 4"' and 5"' week of age. In most weeks, wcigbl gain was more superior in black seed group birds than both copper and vitamin C group ones. 3- Feed consumption: Broiler feed intake in all feed additives groups had significant decreased at 2 weeks of age. With regard to other ages, there were no significant effects on feed consumption. It can be concluded that all studied treatments didn't change the feed consumption of broilers. 4. Feed conversion ratio: All feed additives improved significantly feed conversion in broiler at 6 weeks of age, but improvement was better in black seed and vitamin C additives than copper ones. With regard to other ages, there were no significant effects on feed conversion ratio. S. J)ressing, Oeshing, giblet parts and liver percentage: There was insignificant increase by 4.5% in black seed group, 3.1% in copper one and 2.2% in vitamin Cones than control at 6weeks of age. It can be concluded that black seed had better effect flowed by dietary copper than vitamin C ones in respect of dressing. fleshing and giblet percentages of broilers. Relative liver wcigbt tended to decrease in most ages by feed additives the decrease in relative liver weigbt at 6 weeks of age was about 16.7% by black seed, 26.6% by copper and 30.0"/o by vitamin C additive than control. 6. Body measurements: All feed additives improved broiler measurements in most ages especially at final marketing age (6 weeks) than control. This trend was clear in keel length at 5 and 6 weeks of age, breast width at 4 and 5 weeks of age and in shank length at 6 weeks of age. There were no significant differences in body measurements between black seed, copper or vitamin C additives. 7. Mortality rate:Supplementing feed additives decreased mortality rate (to 0.0-1.1%) than control (5.5%).