Assessment of Severely Atrophied Anterior Maxillae 3D Reconstruction Using Autogenous Retromolar Cortical Shell and Composite Particulate Grafts

Abstract

Long term success of dental implant is primarily depending on the available bone. Collapse of the alveolar bone after extraction, infection, trauma or aplasia may result in reduced bone volume. In oral and maxillofacial surgery, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in recent years has replaced medical computed tomography (CT) for typical hard-tissue diagnostics. CBCT offer an effective, non-invasive, high spatial resolution and relatively low radiation technique for assessment of dimensional changes in the alveolar ridge. Localized bone defects in the alveolar crest can be treated with different augmentation techniques and grafting protocols depending on the morphology of the defect. Autogenous bone is considered the gold standard among the different biomaterials to restore the bone thickness, as it presents osteo-conductive, osteo-inductive, and osteogenic properties, but cortical block graft requires a long period of time for vascularization and remodeling and can be sequestrated years after the augmentation procedure.