Ketofol vs Dexamedetomidine Effect on Conscious Sedation for Patients with Chronic Nonsurgical Low Back Pain

Abstract

Abstract Low back pain is a common occurrence in the general population, affecting both sexes and all age groups, ethnic groups, and socioeconomic classes. Most patients recover quickly and without residual loss of function; however, recurrence is part of the natural history. Furthermore, chronic symptoms develop in 5% to 10% of patients. As a result, the cost to the individual and to society is enormous. The economic impact of chronic low back pain stems from prolonged loss of function, resulting in loss of work productivity, treatment costs, and disability payments. Intravenous (IV) sedation analgesia is often employed in patients with chronic spinal pain undergoing diagnostic spinal injection procedures. The drugs used for intravenous sedation analgesia produce varying degrees of sedation, amnesia, anxiolysis, muscle relaxation, and analgesia. They vary in nature according to their pharmacologic effects in altering the patient’s level of consciousness, awareness, or response to a particular diagnostic stimulus. Ketofol is physically compatible and chemically stable and it can be stored at room temperature and under light. Ketamine is adding analgesia to propofol sedation, while vomiting and hallucination induced by ketamine are countered by propofol antiemetic and hypnotic properties. Aim of the Work: The aim of this study is to compare the effect of dexamedetomidine and ketofol on conscious sedation in patients undergoing non-surgical interventions for chronic low back pain regards the efficacy of sedation, hemodynamic stability, respiratory effects, speed of recovery, analgesic effects and incidence of complications.