Assessment of Intercellular Adhesion M.olecule-1 in Smokers with Periodontal Disease

Abstract

Cigarette smoking has been strongly implicated as a risk factor for the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a critical molecule in the process of leucocyte adhesion and extravasation. Elevated soluble ICAM-1 (siCAM-1) is a risk factor and may be implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.

The present investigation was conducted to assess the level of s iCAM-1 in the serum of smokers with periodontal disease and to detect any possible correlation with the periodontal status. 40 patients were included in this study, selected from the clinic of Oral Medicine and Periodontology department. The patients were divided into 4 group s; Smoker s with periodontitis (S/P), smokers without periodontitis (S / NP), non-smokers with periodontitis (NS/ P) and non -smokers without periodontitis (NS / NP). The patients were systemically free as evaluated by modified Cornell medical index.

Clinical parameters including gingival index, plaque index, pocket depth and clinical attachment loss were recorded, in addition to smoking index which denoted the number of cigarettes smoked X the dur a tion of smo king. Two blood samples wer e collected from each patient; a peripheral blood sample and a gingival blood sample. After centr ifugation, the serum was measured for the level of s iCAM-1 using "ELISA".