Prevalence of Polyoma and Papillomaviruses in wastewater resources

Abstract

viruses that are pathogenic to humans are excreted into untreated sewages. Human exposure to these viruses is possible through contact with sewage-contaminated water. The prevalence, environmental distribution and health implications of the presence of enteric viruses in water for recreational or drinking uses are extensively documented, but little data exist on the potential waterborne transmission of oncogenic viruses such as human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and human polyomaviruses (HPyVs). In the present study, 90 sewage samples were collected during October 2014 to October 2017 from Zenin wastewater treatment plant in Giza Governorate. Also, a total of 60 stool specimens were collected from patients that suffering from tumor cancer (colon, oropharyngeal, bladder and cervical) in the National Cancer Institute in Giza. The collected wastewater samples were concentrated and subjected to nested and semi nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of HPVs and HPyVs DNA. PCR products, of 2nd round of some positive samples, were purified for nucleotide sequence analysis in both directions. Fragments nucleotide sequences were compared to sequences derived from the corresponding viral genome regions reported in the Gen Bank.