Study of Cyfra 21 -1 as A tumor Marker for Cancer Bladdr in Egyptian Patients

Abstract

Bladder cancer is among the most frequent cancers worldwide. Diagnostic procedures in patients with bladder cancer symptoms include urine cytology, cystoscopy with biopsy arid excretory urography, but cystoscopy remains the reference method to detect primary or recurrent transitional cell carcinoma (Raghaven et a!., 1990)

There is a need for objective non invasive methods that could help the urologists in the diagnosis of the disease Cytopathology and flow cystometry as diagnostic tools have attempted to replace cystoscopy, but their sensitivities are not high enough in well or moderately differentiated tumors (Badalament et al, 1987).

Alternative unnary biomarkers such as Bard tumor antigen (BTA) (Sarosdy et al, 1995), nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP 22) • (Soloway et aL, 1996) & fibrin I fibrinogen degradation products (Schmetter et al, 1997) have recently been approved for clinical use for detecting recurrence of disease. They all continue to be evaluated as potential tools that might guide the urologist as to the need for cystoscopy might increase the interval of endoscopic evaluations