Update Management of nephrotic Syndrome in Pediatrics

Abstract

Nephrotic syndrome is the most common glomerular disease in children characterized by oedema, ascitis, pleural effusion and/or pericardial effusion, hypoalbuminaemia (<2.5g/dL), proteinuria (>40 mg/m2/h) and hypercholesterolaemia. NS generally can be divided into primary nephrotic syndrome (idiopathic nephrotic syndrome) and secondary nephrotic syndrome. And also may be caused by genetic abnormalities; infantile NS (presenting before age 3 months) and congenital NS (presenting at age 4-12 months). Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (84.5%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (9.5%) and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (2.5%) account for the majority of the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children.