Psychological Reactions among Women with Breast Cancer after Mastectomy: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Following the diagnosis of breast cancer and after a mastectomy, many women experience serious psychological reactions. These reactions can adversely affect their treatment outcomes and cancer prognosis. This study is aimed at exploring psychological reactions of women with mastectomies at both stages of cancer diagnosis and mastectomy surgery. This qualitative study was applied to a sample of seventeen women with breast cancer diagnosis and after bilateral mastectomy surgery who received cancer treatment (chemotherapy) at the Radiation Oncology & Nuclear Medicine Center which is affiliated with the Ain Shams University Hospitals. Results of this study revealed that there are seven psychological reactions among subjects: 1. denial reactions after identification of having breast cancer and mastectomy surgery, 2. fear of unknown, cancer recurrence and death, 3. disturbed body image, 4. low self-esteem and a feeling of inferiority, 5. lack of partners’ emotional involvement and relationship, 6. avoidance of social activity and lack of interaction (however, support of parents, siblings and children are reported by subjects), 7. praying and religious activities for hope and obtaining support from God were reported in this study. Conclusion: Breast cancer and mastectomy surgery have negative psychological outcomes among women since the breast represents not only a significant physical part of women but also the ideal body image and feelings of femininity, attractiveness and self-identity. Recommendation: Patient medical and psychosocial support and counseling should be implemented by health team members before and after mastectomy surgery until the completion of cancer treatment.