SHOULDER INJURIES IN THROWING ATHLETE

Abstract

Normal function of the shoulder requires the coordinated fuhciion of four articulations (sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral and scapulohumeral). The shoulder motion refers to the complex interaction of all these structures.

• The presentation of shoulder pain in the throwing aih leles can be confusing and through understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics in addition to history and physical examination are necessary to deiineaie the correct diagnosis especially differentiating between instability and impingement is critical to initiate appropriate nonoperative and operative intervention.

The diagnosis of the injury of structures of shoulder joint is based on the findings from the history, physical examination, and imaging studies. The majority of throwing injuries respond well to the carefully designed rehabilitation program. Athletes who do not improve within six months are candidate for surgical repair. The arthroscope alone is used to undersurface partial-thickness rotator cuff tears. If there is evidence of shoulder instability and m1hroscopic evidence of capsular streich, an open stabilization procedure is performed.