A comparative study between bupivacaine-dexmedetomidine mixture versus bupivacaine-magnesium mixture in Pre-incision skin infiltration for para-umbilical hernia repair regarding their intraoperative and postoperative analgesic effect

Abstract

Poorly controlled acute pain after abdominal surgery is related to somatic pain signals derived from the abdominal wall and is associated with a variety of unwanted post-operative consequences, including patient suffering, distress, respiratory complications, delirium, myocardial ischemia, prolonged hospital stay, an increased likelihood of chronic pain, increased consumption of analgesics, delayed bowel function and increase the requirement for rescue analgesics. Appropriate pain treatment protocols to reduce postoperative morbidity, improve the results of the surgery and decrease hospital costs. The analgesic regimen needs to meet the goals of providing safe, effective analgesia, with minimal side effects for the patient, together with inhibition of trauma –induced nociceptive impulses.