Role of 3D / 4D Ultrasound in Assessment of Fetal CNS Congenital Anomalies

Abstract

Background: Congenital abnormalities account for 20-25% of perinatal deaths. Central nervous system anomalies are often severe and are the most common indications for therapeutic abortions. Objectives: The aim of this study is to verify the role of 3D, 4D ultrasonography in prenatal assessment of anatomical structure of central nervous system and early diagnosis of the CNS congenital anomalies. Patients and Methods: From January 2018 to April 2019, 30 pregnant women range from 18 to 40 years old which suspected to have CNS congenital anomalies during routine prenatal obstetric examination, then referred to do 3D / 4D detailed ultrasonography after an initial detailed diagnostic 2D ultrasonography to confirm the diagnosis. 30 pregnant women had undergone detailed anomaly scan in an outpatient private clinics and Ghamra hospital using Chison i3 ultrasound machine and Voluson p8 with both curvilinear 3.5 MHz 60-mm curved probe and 3D real time volumetric 4.5 MHz probe. Results: CNS anomalies occur in significant frequency and some of them are incompatible with life whereas others are life limiting. Ultrasound is an effective investigation for in-utero screening for anomalies including CNS. Ultrasound imaging in antenatal period practically gives an anatomical record of the developing fetus. Confirmation of the anomalies by 3D / 4D ultrasonography definitely helps in increasing accuracy of diagnosis and better counseling of the patient. Additionally, it provides very useful educational information. This also provides psychological benefits for some patients by confirming the reality of fetal anomalies.