Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Abstract

he Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), a project initiated by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and the World Health Organization (WHO), defines COPD as follows (GOLD, 2017): a common preventable and treatable disease, is characterized by persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and the lung to noxious particles or gases. Exacerbations and comorbidities contribute to the overall severity in individual patients. Several studies have identified COPD as part of a systemic inflammatory syndrome and reported on the association of comorbidities like lung cancer, osteoporosis, progression of atherosclerosis, and CKD. One hundred and thirty subject were chosen from outpatient pulmonology clinic of Ain Shams University Hospitals and National Institute of Allergy and Chest Diseases, Ministry of Health at the period from October, 2017 till September, 2018 randomly and analysed. The age range from 40 to 60 years. The sex ratio 2:1 male to female. Twenty-one subjects were excluded according to exclusion criteria, 3 subjects died and 5 subjects lost during follow up.