BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON BY-PRODUCTS OF SOYA INDUSTRIALIZATION

Abstract

Okara, the soybean residue from soy milk production, contains nutrients and functional components. The proximate analysis was found to be 33.64% crude protein , 21.08% total lipid and 45.03% total dietary fiber in okara . The risk of development of diabetes type 2 is increasing worldwide in which the lifestyle and diet preference are primary responsible. In the current study, okara (rich source of fiber) has been manufactured into okara crackers which can be used to investigate its dietary role in controlling diabetes in STZ diabetic rats with and without high fat diet. 48 male albino rats were divided into eight groups (six rats in each group). G1, G2, G3 and G4 were healthy rats and fed on basal diet, basal diet with 30% okara crackers , high fat diet, and high fat diet with 30% okara crackers respectively. G5, G6, G7 and G8 were diabetic groups which fed on similar diets respectively as previous groups for 60 days. Blood glucose, liver function, kidneys function and lipid pattern of experimental animals in addition to pancreas and liver histopathology and insulin immunohistochemistry were carried out. Okara crackers diet has decreased the serum glucose level. The activity of AST, ALT and ALP were inhibited in diabetic rats fed on diets containing okara crackers. Uric acid , urea and creatinine content of diabetic rats which were significantly decreased after feeding on okara crackers compared with diabetic control. Total cholesterol ,triglycerides , HDL and LDL were improved when diabetic rats fed on okara crackers.There were cellular changes, a decrease in the number of β cells, a number of islands, and the pancreatic change in the pancreas of the diabetic group, as well as degeneration of liver cells, necrosis and central vein congestion . But rats feeding on the okara crackers have improved tissue and restored parts of the islands. In conclusion, the use of 30% okara crackers in diet has improved the hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia associated with diabetes.