PHOTOVOLTIAC ARRAY SYSTEMS
Abdelhalim A. Zekry;
Abstract
• The development of civilization depends on the availability of reliable energy sources. Fig. 1 shows the growth of the world power consumption with years assuming different percentage increase of the demand. The present world consumption amounts to 1013 w which is only
0.01 % of the solor power. After few centuries the world power demand increases apprciably to approach the solar power of 1017 w.
The source of energy is the fossil burning material coming from Oil and Coal as well as atomic reactors. In the energy conversion process, environment containating materials evolve. In addition, the temperature of the earth rises because of increased fuel burning and because of C02
production causing the socalled glass-house effect.
On the other side, the . fossil burning material lifetime is limited to few centuries as shown in Fig. 1.2'. Therefore, efforts are intensively directed to develop other energy sources other than the fossil fuel.
The main energy source in our earth is the sun radiation. Fig. 1.3 shows the energy flow diagram of sun to our earth.
The solar radiation amounts to 1.7 x 1017 w; 34o/o will be reflected back, 42% will be converted to heat directly, 23% is stored in water vapor, wind water waves consumes about 1 %, and plants consume 0.023%.
• The human consumption comes from fossil fuel, neuclear energy from uranium and geoheat. It is intersting to see that the fussil fuels are originated from the sun energy• in ancient times. Any forms of energy is converted to heat and ultimately to radiation.
We observe from this figure also that there is no direct conversion path from the solar radiation to the human consumption. This is because:
0.01 % of the solor power. After few centuries the world power demand increases apprciably to approach the solar power of 1017 w.
The source of energy is the fossil burning material coming from Oil and Coal as well as atomic reactors. In the energy conversion process, environment containating materials evolve. In addition, the temperature of the earth rises because of increased fuel burning and because of C02
production causing the socalled glass-house effect.
On the other side, the . fossil burning material lifetime is limited to few centuries as shown in Fig. 1.2'. Therefore, efforts are intensively directed to develop other energy sources other than the fossil fuel.
The main energy source in our earth is the sun radiation. Fig. 1.3 shows the energy flow diagram of sun to our earth.
The solar radiation amounts to 1.7 x 1017 w; 34o/o will be reflected back, 42% will be converted to heat directly, 23% is stored in water vapor, wind water waves consumes about 1 %, and plants consume 0.023%.
• The human consumption comes from fossil fuel, neuclear energy from uranium and geoheat. It is intersting to see that the fussil fuels are originated from the sun energy• in ancient times. Any forms of energy is converted to heat and ultimately to radiation.
We observe from this figure also that there is no direct conversion path from the solar radiation to the human consumption. This is because:
Other data
| Title | PHOTOVOLTIAC ARRAY SYSTEMS | Other Titles | لايوجد | Authors | Abdelhalim A. Zekry | Issue Date | 1998 |
Attached Files
| File | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|
| B15189.pdf | 362.82 kB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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