EFFECT OF BASIL LEAVES (Ocimum basilicum) AND OLIVE LEAVES (Olea europaea) EXTRACTS ON TOXICITY OF BIOPESTICIDE EMAMECTIN BENZOATE IN RATS

Abstract

The present investigation is aimed to use the dried ethyl acetate extracts for Ocimum bacilicum (basil leaves) and Olea europaea (olive leaves) to reduce toxicity of Emamectin benzoate (Biopesticides). DPPH radical scavenging activity showed a significant inhibition at all extracts (ethyl acetate 98% > aqueous 90% > ethanol 77% > hexane 49%) in Ocimum basilicum compared to Olea europaea (ethyl acetate 91% > ethanol 83% > aqueous 70% > hexane 61.9%). The phytochemical active compounds of Olea europaea and Ocimum basilicum were qualitatively analyzed for leaves separately, triterpenes and steroids were presented in hexane extract in Ocimum basilicum and Olea europaea , lipids were presented in hexane extract of Ocimum basilicum and found in hexane and ethanol extracts of Olea europaea , tannins were present in ethanol and aqueous extracts of Ocimum basilicum and aqueous extract only of Olea europaea, carbohydrates and saponines were present in ethanol and aqueous extracts of Ocimum basilicum and Olea europaea, flavonoids were presented in ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous extracts, in (HPLC) showed that ethyl acetate was the best solvent for quantitative extraction of olive leaves phenolic and flavonoids while aqueous, ethanol and hexane were least effective. Hexane was particularly ineffective as an extractant for the basil leaves and aqueous > ethanol > ethyl acetate was the best solvent for quantitative extraction of basil leaves phenolic and flavonoids. Biochemical changes were estimated on rats after treatment of emamectin benzoate with different doses of ethyl acetate (OLE and BLE) for 28 days. The results showed that there was increase in AST and ALT activities, decrease in the total protein content, significant decrease in albumin content, significant increase in serum urea, creatinine, significant increase in serum cholesterol ,triglyceride, LDL-C and significant decrease in liver SOD, CAT and GPx activities ,increase in liver MDA level for dose 1/40 LD50 of EB (1.0 mg/kg) alone during the 14 and 28 days of the experiment period as comparing with control group during at the same period. There was decrease in ALT, AST activities, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, urea, creatinine content and an increase in albumin, T.P content after 14 and 28 days also. An increase in liver SOD, CAT and GPx activities whereas decrease in liver MDA content after 28 days when rats administrated with emamectin benzoate 1.0 mg/kg treated with OLE and BLE (200 and 400 mg/kg ).